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LayerZero Labs and Partners Unveil Aerie for Post-Quantum Signature Aggregation

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LayerZero Labs, alongside researchers from a16z Crypto, Carnegie Mellon University, and Imperial College London, has introduced a post-quantum signature aggregation system named Aerie. Built on Akita, a lattice-based polynomial commitment scheme, the system aggregated 32,768 Falcon-512 signatures in 0.65 seconds during testing on a consumer laptop powered by an Apple M4 Max processor, utilizing 16 CPU cores and 2.1 GiB of peak memory without GPU acceleration.

The technological development offers noticeable efficiency gains over earlier protocols like Orthus. Compared to Orthus, Aerie generates cryptographic proofs roughly 1.5 times faster, verifies them 38 times faster, and cuts overall proof size by approximately 1.7 times. These improvements address key performance bottlenecks, providing a realistic path toward achieving low-latency, post-quantum-secure blockchain consensus on standard computing hardware rather than specialized systems.

Looking ahead, Aerie also includes support for aggregating NIST-standardized ML-DSA signatures. Researchers plan to publish detailed performance benchmarks for ML-DSA aggregation in future updates.

Key points

  • LayerZero Labs, a16z Crypto, Carnegie Mellon University, and Imperial College London introduced Aerie to improve post-quantum signature aggregation.
  • In testing, Aerie aggregated 32,768 Falcon-512 signatures in 0.65 seconds on an Apple M4 Max processor using 16 CPU cores and 2.1 GiB of peak memory.
  • Compared to the Orthus scheme, Aerie creates proofs 1.5 times faster, verifies them 38 times faster, and reduces proof size by 1.7 times.
  • The system supports NIST-standardized ML-DSA signatures, with performance results expected in a future release.
  • The initiative aims to enable low-latency, post-quantum-secure blockchain consensus on consumer hardware without GPU acceleration.

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Questions and answers

What is Aerie and who developed it?

Aerie is a post-quantum signature aggregation system built on the Akita lattice-based polynomial commitment scheme. It was developed by LayerZero Labs, a16z Crypto researchers, Carnegie Mellon University, and Imperial College London.

How fast is Aerie compared to older post-quantum aggregation schemes?

Aerie generates proofs about 1.5 times faster, verifies them 38 times faster, and cuts proof size by roughly 1.7 times compared to the earlier Orthus scheme. During testing, it aggregated 32,768 signatures in 0.65 seconds on a consumer laptop.

What is the goal of the Aerie project?

The research aims to establish a path toward low-latency, post-quantum-secure blockchain consensus without needing specialized hardware or GPU acceleration.